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One day a letter arrived in camp. All the shamans gathered around, and trying to read what it said, but they didn't know how to read. It passed from shaman to shaman, and still no one could understand it. Finally, it got to Coyote, the last shaman there.
Coyote looked the letter over thinking to himself, " I am the Great Coyote Shaman", then leaned with his head resting in his left hand. He held the letter with his right hand, waved it in the air and touched it magically to his temple. Then he read it to the people. Coyote was the only one who could read.

Chiricahua Apache - retold by Susi Nagoda Bergquist


Most Native American groups had ways of recording their histories, which usually use pictorial pneumonic devises. These histories were remembered by special members of the different ethnic groups. It must have been astounding to view people being able who could "read" things no matter how little "power" they possessed. Coyote usually represents the incorrect or stupid way, or the Whitman.






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One day Coyote was going along when he came across a group of Cowboys roping cattle. He managed to talk the Cowboys into catching a bull for him.
Coyote jumped on the back of the bull, and bucked around on the back of the animal. He was unable get a grip on the bulls back, and is soon thrown off. The bull tried to gore Coyote when he landed, but he just barely escaped.

Chiricahua Apache - retold by Susi Nagoda Bergquist


This story shows how some motifs have animal people as the main characters, but then either because their is a different story teller or the story has progress to more "human" intervention. This tale replaces Bobcat with cowboys, who are apache, thus absorbing the Cowboy way of life into the Apache way of life as if it had always been that way.


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All text and art work are under copyright by Susi Nagoda Bergquist, 2000